Illiteracy is opposite for literacy. As United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural organization (UNESCO) defined as “ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate and compute, using printed and written materials associated with varying contexts. Literacy involves a continuum of learning in enabling individuals to achieve their goals, to develop their knowledge and potential, and to participate fully in their community and wider society.” According to the UNESCOs’ definition those who lack literacy are illiterate.as the studies show most undeveloped countries faces the lack of education keeps their society to live with ignorance, exploitation, and poverty. Some of the cause to illiteracy are poverty, gender bias and war. These factors effect on creating a lack of an awareness in the society toward health and belief, for instance, people who live with HIV/AIDS, are afraid to open up about their health to their society for the reason that escaping from social abundance, as a result the spreading of HIV/AIDS is high. The society practice unhealthy and harmful practice like female circumcisions abandoning children who live with down syndrome, autism, and different disabilities by fabricating wrong belief about it. Illiteracy of the society drives the country to face conflict and corruption. Most undeveloped countries have national resources, for instance, gold, diamond or oil and an income from these resources will not distribute equally to every citizen as an opportunity to economic growth by opening employment opportunity, infrastructure or investment. The government keeps those opportunity to corruption and to facilitate ethical discrimination which leads to conflict and genocide. Another effect of illiteracy is gender bias, a formation of caste “social class” and stereotype. Most societies pay their life because of these factors. Females abused domestically as well as by the society, they forced to get married underage and give birth at home, as a result, a maternity or infant death occur. Life of child labor, child soldier, and low-caste society is unimaginable and inhumanity in undeveloped countries. Illiteracy is the chain that locked the country as well as the society, so promoting and changing perspective toward illiteracy is the simplest challenge compared to its effect.
